How to convert IPv4 to decimal, binary, and hexadecimal

Short answer

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit value displayed as four decimal octets. The address 192.168.1.10 can also be represented as an unsigned integer, eight hexadecimal digits, or 32 binary bits without changing its value.

Complete example

IPv4:        192.168.1.10
integer:     3232235786
hexadecimal: C0A8010A
binary:      11000000 10101000 00000001 00001010

The IPv4 and number-base converter performs both directions with exact integer arithmetic.

Octets to integer

Each octet occupies one base-256 position:

192 × 256³ + 168 × 256² + 1 × 256 + 10
= 3232235786

An equivalent implementation uses shifts of 24, 16, 8, and 0 bits. The valid unsigned IPv4 integer range is 0–4294967295.

Integer to IPv4

Split the value into four groups of eight bits from most significant to least significant. Every group must be between 0 and 255. For example, hexadecimal C0 A8 01 0A becomes 192.168.1.10.

Keep all four octets

Abbreviated and octal-looking forms have historically received different interpretations across software. Use exactly four decimal octets and avoid leading zeros: 192.168.001.010 is not the canonical form accepted by the tool.

Representation does not define the subnet

Converting an IP to an integer does not calculate its network. You still need a prefix or mask to obtain the network, broadcast, and range. Supply that extra information to the IPv4 subnet calculator.

Primary source

RFC 791 defines the IPv4 address as a 32-bit field in the protocol header.